Section 1.1: St. John’s Wort — Hypericum perforatum

This ancient herb, recognizable by its bright yellow, star-shaped flowers, has been found in botanical samples from the Bronze Age in Northern Europe. Known as St. John's Wort, it also carries names like ‘Amber Touch-and-Heal’ and ‘Demon Chaser.’

Traditionally, it has been used to ease anxiety, nervousness, and sleep disturbances, showing effectiveness comparable to some prescription medications (American College of Physicians). Research indicates that it may also be beneficial for mild depression (Apaydin, 2016). St. John’s Wort appears to influence neurotransmitters in the brain—like serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and norepinephrine—leading to a more stable emotional state.

Although limited studies exist on the long-term use of this herb for depression, its effectiveness seems to mirror that of prescribed medications (NCCIH, 2012). While available in tablet form at pharmacies, caution is advised due to potential interactions with various medications and its impact on hormone levels during pregnancy or breastfeeding. A consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended before starting this alternative treatment.

Be mindful of dosage, as incorrect amounts can lead to side effects such as vivid dreams, upset stomach, dry mouth, irritability, dizziness, skin rash, or headaches. However, these issues are often linked to high doses and are generally similar to the side effects associated with conventional antidepressants.

One of my favourite Herbs for Anxiety - YouTube: Explore St. John's Wort and its calming properties in this informative video.

Section 1.2: Valerian — Valeriana officinalis

Another ancient remedy, valerian, is indigenous to Northern Europe and has been used to alleviate anxiety, muscle tension, and insomnia. Varieties of valerian can feature tiny white or red flowers, but most are known for their sedative effects—users should refrain from operating heavy machinery after consumption.

The scientific consensus on valerian's sedative properties is still debated; however, historical use supports its effectiveness. Renowned figures like Hippocrates and Galen have referenced valerian for its calming attributes.

The active ingredients in valerian root may derive from a blend of chemicals rather than a single compound. Some scientists cite volatile oils, such as Valerianic Acid (Hendricks, 1985), and iridoid compounds (Valepotriates) as contributors to its soothing effects.

Similar to St. John’s Wort, these compounds are believed to influence neurotransmitter regulation, promoting tranquility. Despite limited scientific validation, valerian has also been employed for treating abdominal spasms, epilepsy, and ADHD.

Dosage is critical with valerian, and using standardized tablet forms can help regulate intake, minimizing the risk of harmful components. Excess consumption could lead to stomach discomfort, headaches, irregular heartbeat, and an overall feeling of unease.

For safety, consult a healthcare professional before using valerian, especially concerning its interactions with other medications or alcohol.

Section 2.1: Chamomile — Matricaria chamomilla

Chamomile has long been associated with healing, likely spreading as the Romans expanded their empire. The dried flowers are packed with flavonoids and terpenoids, which contribute to their therapeutic properties. Chamomile tea is famous for its calming effects, helping to alleviate stress and anxiety.

Historical use spans various ailments, including hay fever, inflammation, and insomnia. A double-blind study by Jun J Mao et al. (2016) found that long-term chamomile extract use was safe and significantly reduced symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), though it did not prevent relapse.

Section 2.2: Lavender — Lavandula officinalis

Lavender has been celebrated for its mood-stabilizing benefits. Research by H. Woelk et al. (2009) confirmed that an oral preparation of lavender oil, Silexan, was as effective as Lorazepam in treating GAD. This versatile herb has been used for centuries for various purposes, including medicine, cooking, and pest deterrence.

Section 2.3: Lemon Balm — Melissa officinalis

Lemon balm, another ancient herb, has been recognized for its calming effects. Although its native status in Britain is debated, it has been utilized for over 2000 years. This aromatic plant belongs to the mint family and is known for its pleasant lemon scent.

Research indicates that lemon balm contains over 100 identified chemicals, contributing to its flavor and potential health benefits. Studies suggest it may possess antidepressant and calming properties, acting on neurotransmitters to help alleviate anxiety symptoms.