# Surprising Discovery: A Marshmallow-Density Exoplanet Around a Red Dwarf
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Chapter 1: Introduction to TOI-3757 b
A remarkable new finding has emerged from astronomers at Kitt Peak: they have identified a gas giant planet with an astonishingly low density, comparable to that of a marshmallow. This unique exoplanet, named TOI-3757 b, orbits a red dwarf star and has surprised scientists, as it was previously thought that planets in such close proximity to active stars would not retain significant atmospheres.
“This discovery is particularly intriguing as it goes against our expectations regarding planetary formation and stability near red dwarfs,” stated the lead researcher.
Section 1.1: Characteristics of TOI-3757 b
TOI-3757 b stands out not only because of its unconventional density, which is estimated at just 0.27 grams per cubic centimeter—less than half that of Saturn—but also due to its size. The gas giant has a diameter of approximately 150,000 kilometers, making it slightly smaller than Jupiter.
The planet was identified through data collected by NASA's TESS spacecraft, which detects exoplanets by monitoring the dimming of a star's light as a planet transits in front of it. Following this initial discovery, astronomers utilized advanced instruments like NEID and NESSI at the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope to measure the planet's characteristics further.
Subsection 1.1.1: Unusual Orbital Dynamics
The discovery team was particularly intrigued by the exoplanet's rapid orbit, completing a full revolution around its star in only 3.5 days. The proximity to its star raises questions about how such a low-density planet could withstand the intense stellar flares known to strip atmospheres from nearby planets.
Section 1.2: Possible Explanations for Its Existence
The researchers propose two key factors that may explain the peculiar density of TOI-3757 b. First, it is theorized that its rocky core developed more slowly due to the star's lower abundance of heavy elements, delaying the accumulation of gas that typically forms gas giants. Second, the planet's slightly elliptical orbit could lead to varying temperatures, causing the atmosphere to expand and contribute to its fluffy appearance.
Chapter 2: Future Research Directions
The research team is eager to explore more examples of planets with similar characteristics and has plans to use the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) for further studies. As noted by co-author Jessica Libby-Roberts, “Future observations could greatly enhance our understanding of the atmospheric conditions surrounding TOI-3757 b.”
The first video titled "Cosmoview Episode 55: 'Marshmallow' World Orbiting a Cool Red Dwarf Star" delves into the details of this extraordinary discovery, providing visual insights and expert commentary.
In the second video, "NASA found a MARSHMALLOW PLANET?!", scientists discuss the implications of this finding and the methods used to identify such a unique celestial body.
This groundbreaking research was published in The Astronomical Journal, led by Shubham Kanodia. For more insights and updates on space discoveries, check out DailySpace.org, featuring contributions from Dr. Pamela Gay and Erik Madaus.